5 Low Sperm Count Treatment Options for Men

PFCLA
08/23/2024

Struggling to conceive? You're not alone. Male factor infertility is a common issue, and low sperm count is a common contributing factor that many don’t realize or initially consider. But don't despair – there are effective treatments available. This article explores five potential solutions to help you increase your sperm count and boost your chances of starting a family. 


What is Oligospermia (Low Sperm Count)?

Oligospermia, or low sperm count, is a condition affecting a man's fertility. It occurs when the semen contains fewer sperm than normal, making it difficult to conceive a child. While it can be a cause of significant stress for couples trying to start a family, it's important to know that there are effective treatment options available. By understanding the potential causes and exploring these treatment paths, many men with oligospermia can successfully achieve their dream of parenthood. 

How to Increase Sperm Count

While lifestyle changes are foundational, certain supplements and techniques can complement your efforts to improve sperm count. Some commonly suggested supplements include zinc, folic acid, vitamin D, and CoQ10, which are believed to support sperm health. Additionally, antioxidants like vitamin C and selenium can protect sperm from damage. It's essential to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplements, as they can interact with medications or have side effects. 

Acupuncture and yoga are alternative techniques that some men find beneficial for stress reduction and overall well-being, which can indirectly impact sperm quality. 

Having a low sperm count may be resulting from health or lifestyle choices. To prevent this, it’s recommended that men trying to increase sperm count and health follow these guidelines:  

  • Abstain from drugs and smoking 
  • Limit or abstain from alcohol 
  • Talk to your doctor about medications that can impact sperm count 
  • Maintain a healthy weight 
  • Limit exposure to high-stress environments 
  • Avoid pesticides, heavy metals, and other toxins 
  • Avoid heat (Jacuzzis, saunas, hot tubs) 

Remember, consistency is key when implementing these changes, and results may take several months to become apparent. 

Low Sperm Count Symptoms

Unfortunately, there are often no noticeable symptoms of low sperm count. The primary indicator is typically difficulty conceiving with a partner. However, in some cases, underlying issues that contribute to low sperm count might present symptoms. These can include: 

  • Sexual dysfunction: Problems with erections (erectile dysfunction) or low sex drive. 
  • Testicular issues: Pain, swelling, or a lump in the testicular area. 
  • Hormonal imbalances: Changes in body or facial hair growth, suggesting potential hormonal problems. 

It's crucial to remember that these symptoms don't definitively mean you have low sperm count. They could be indicative of other health concerns. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms or are having trouble conceiving, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis. 


Causes of Low Sperm Count

There are many potential causes of low sperm count which include: 

  • Lifestyle factors: Excessive alcohol or drug use, smoking, obesity, and prolonged stress can negatively impact sperm production.
  •  Medical conditions: Hormonal imbalances, infections, and certain chronic diseases can contribute to low sperm count. 
  • Environmental factors: Exposure to toxins, heavy metals, or excessive heat can harm sperm quality. 
  • Physical issues: Varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum), testicular injuries, or blockages in the reproductive tract can affect sperm production or delivery. 
  • Medications: Certain drugs can interfere with sperm production or function. 

 It's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause of male fertility issues and discuss appropriate treatment options. 

Low Sperm Count Fertility Treatment Options

Successful conception is dependent on a variety of factors. In short, a healthy sperm must travel to a mature egg and fertilize it. If a male has low sperm count, there are far fewer sperms able to attempt that journey, so the odds of pregnancy decrease significantly. 

Depending on the cause of infertility in the male, a specific treatment is necessary. Unfortunately, most treatments of men with severely depressed sperm counts or motility are not very successful, except for IVF with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Some of the treatments available include the following: 

1. IVF Combined With ICSI

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is a specialized fertility treatment often recommended for couples facing male infertility challenges, such as low sperm count or poor sperm motility. IVF involves retrieving mature eggs from a woman's ovaries, fertilizing them with sperm in a laboratory, and then transferring the resulting embryos into the uterus. 

To overcome issues related to sperm quality or quantity, ICSI is frequently employed. This technique involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg, bypassing the natural fertilization process. ICSI significantly enhances the chances of successful fertilization, making it a valuable option for men with low sperm count or other sperm-related fertility problems. 

2. Hormonal Fertility Treatment

Hormonal treatments can be effective for men with low sperm count caused by hormonal imbalances. These treatments aim to stimulate sperm production by regulating hormone levels.    

Pergonal and Humagon are examples of hormonal medications often used in these cases. They are forms of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). This hormone stimulates the pituitary gland to produce more follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are essential for sperm production.    

By increasing these hormones, Pergonal and Humagon can help boost sperm count and improve sperm quality in some men. However, it's important to note that these medications are typically prescribed under strict medical supervision due to potential side effects and the need for careful monitoring 

3. Antibiotic Treatment

Antibiotics can be a crucial treatment for low sperm count when it's caused by an infection. Infections in the reproductive tract can impair sperm production or block the sperm's path. 

Common infections that can affect sperm count include: 

  • Bacterial prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland 
  • Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube at the back of the testicle 
  • Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicles 
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 

If an infection is diagnosed, a course of antibiotics can effectively clear it up. In many cases, this can lead to an improvement in sperm quality and quantity. However, it's important to note that even after successful antibiotic treatment, fertility may not fully return to normal. 

4. Surgery For Low Sperm Count

Surgery can be a viable option for certain men with low sperm count. The specific procedure depends on the underlying cause of the issue.    

  • Varicocelectomy: This surgery is performed to correct varicoceles, enlarged veins in the scrotum that can contribute to low sperm count.    
  • Vasoepididymostomy: A complex microsurgical procedure to remove blockage in the epididymis. 
  • Surgical Sperm Retrieval (SSR): When sperm count is extremely low or absent, SSR procedures can be used to extract sperm directly from the testes or epididymis. These procedures include:  
    • Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA): A needle is inserted into the epididymis to extract sperm.
    • Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA): A needle is used to extract sperm directly from the testicle.
    • Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE): A small piece of testicular tissue is surgically removed to extract sperm. 

It's important to consult with a fertility specialist to determine the best course of treatment based on your individual circumstances. 

5. Artificial Donor Sperm Insemination

When all other treatment options for male infertility have been exhausted, artificial donor sperm insemination (AID) can be a viable path to parenthood. This process involves using sperm from a carefully screened donor to fertilize a woman's egg. While it presents significant emotional and ethical considerations, AID has helped countless couples build families. The decision to pursue AID is a deeply personal one, and couples should carefully weigh the potential benefits and challenges with the support of a fertility specialist and counselor. 


Consult a Male Fertility Clinic

For some men, low sperm count and motility aren’t addressed by the above steps. If this happens, don’t worry -- there are other fertility options available, and your clinic will work with you to successfully conceive and start a family.  

The first step to treating male infertility is finding out what is likely causing it. If you have been unsuccessful in your attempts to conceive, it is time to work with a fertility clinic near you 

Our experienced team of fertility doctors at Pacific Fertility Center of Los Angeles are ready to help you start your family. Contact us to learn more about our comprehensive fertility services, including diagnostic testing and treatment. 

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Note: This is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Information provided is for general educational purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Speak to your doctor directly with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Any information contained herein does not replace any care plan as determined by a physician. 

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